Late Cretaceous Sea

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librarian

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I confess my attention has wandered from the saga of monkey mouth to the Niobrara chalk.
Beneath the prairie sea of grass that unites many of us was once a sea that connected the Arctic Ocean with the Gulf of Mexico.
 

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oakview

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We have relatives near the Timber Lake, SD, area and have visited the region several times.  Around Timber Lake, we have been to area pastures with small streams and found literally millions of marine fossils.  West of Timber Lake, we have been in pastures with petrified wood and land dinosaur fossils just lying on top of the ground.  We were told years ago that the shore line of what I assume was your sea was in that area, thus marine fossils on one side of town, land fossils on the other.  My mother in law's cousin owned the newspaper in Timber Lake and spent many hours working for the local museum.  Unfortunately, he passed away not too long ago.  He lined up our "fossil seeking" excursions.  I wouldn't trade that family time for anything.  Very interesting person and area.  There are many books and papers about the area in the Timber Lake museum. 
 

oakview

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According to "Dinosaurs of South Dakota" (from Northern State University), the land dinosaur fossils near Timber Lake (Dewey County) are part of the Fox Hills Formation "formed on a delta deposit close to the inland sea that once covered large areas of the mid-continent during a time of warm, moist climate."  Warm, moist climate?  Must have had global warming even back then.  I think it would be absolutely fascinating to ride in a hover craft with the ability to travel back in time over various areas and observe all the changes that occurred. 
 

oakview

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According to "South Dakota Fossil Sites," the marine fossils abundant in the Timber Lake area are ammonites and baculites.  When we were looking at the dinosaur fossils and petrified wood on a ranch west of town, we were told "Sue" was found not too farm from there.
 

oakview

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I forgot to mention, if you like to hunt, my wife's family has ties to Fire Steel Creek Lodge, a hunting resort near Isobel, SD, just west of Timber Lake.  Her great grandmother ran the Cowboy lodge for Beal Ranch, I believe it was, one of the largest ranches of the time in South Dakota.  The main lodge, where she worked out of, at Fire Steel Creek was moved from the headquarters of the ranch to the present location near Isobel.  We have a copy of the book relating the history of the ranch.  I think I was told it was about a 40 mile move for the building.  We took my wife's parents and the rest of the family to Isobel and stayed in the lodge several years ago.  This was one of the trips where we spent time looking for fossils, too.  (None of us hunt). My wife's grandfather actually worked on the ranch and tended sheep, living in basically a covered wagon out on the range.  He spent some time doing the same work after he married my wife's grandmother.  Not too long after the marriage, the story goes that the owner of the ranch rode out to the wagon, gave the couple a little money, and told them this was no life for them.  They eventually ended up in Iowa.  Further back in the family tree was an original homesteader with land northwest of Bowman, ND.  The property is landlocked in that there are no roads to it, only what the FSA office calls farm trails.  We've been there several times, but each time the weather conditions have prevented us from actually getting to the site.  I don't believe any of my wife's living relatives have actually set foot on the land.  I've been told that since the homesteader was a woman, she received a lower quality piece of land.  I would like to take the family to the actual site someday and have worked on and off with the FSA people.  Hopefully, I can arrange a visit with the assistance of a local resident. 
 

librarian

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Thanks for those stories. I grew up in Tarrant County, Texas. I could never explain why this area of Nebraska feels like home to me until I realized this Niobrara Chalk and Pierre Shale is from the same shallow sea environment as the old Austin Chalk and Eagleford shale I saw everywhere as a kid. Sadly, they couldn't pave the landscape fast enough in that part of Texas.
That was the Cross Timbers Prairie region.
 

aj

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western kansas
The Pierre shale is the impermiable layer that underlies the Ogalalah aquifer.........the second largest aquifer in the world......
 
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