I think there is some merit to beef cattle having adequate bone. Again, I guess I am preaching the gospel of optimum rather than maximums or minimums. Adequate bone has much to do with longevity.We took about 50 bulls of several breeds to a range bull sale in Sturgis, SD a few years ago. I talked with a pile of ranchers from Wyoming, Utah, Colorado and New Mexico. They were most critical on fine boned bulls and would not even bid on them. In recent years I have sold quite a few embryos to Australia, and they are probably the most structurally oriented cattlemen on earth. Not only do they want numbers, weights, videos but I have have also been asked to take video of the sire and dam's feet ( if possible) as well as measurements of cannon bone circumference. I have also been able to travel with a few Aussies extensively a few times to several herds in the US and Canada, and that is when you hear a lot about the importance of adequate bone, proper structure of feet and legs, and overall soundness. The Aussie's are very critical of North American cattle not being selected for hard enough on structural issues.
The comment about TH cattle having more bone is a new one to me. There may be something to this, however, I do not think I have ever seen a noticable difference between bone in carriers and non carriers. I agree that most carriers have more hair, but that is also not the case in all of them. I have a couple of carriers that are recips here that are fine boned, poor haired and quite frankly rather frail. I have told them many times, that if they do not keep the embryo, they are toast!
I would think that fine boned cattle of both sexes would be frailer. Most of the shelly cows I see, are usually fine boned. If you don't agree, spend some time at an auction market and just watch the cow sale. I was licenced cattle dealer when we were feeding cattle and I spent many days watching literally thousands of cattle sell. The big order buyers certainly want cattle with good bone. I have watched them discount the fine boned ones by huge amounts.
As for the judge dumping your steer with not enough bone being the only reason he gives, I think that was probably a cop out on his part. I would think that if the steer is finished, carries adequate muscling, is the right size, etc, then it probably should not be used as a reason.... unless the placing is so close between first and second that he has to nit pick a little.