Why hasn't anyone chimed in with what Zilmax is, what it does and why it does it, on a cellular and biological level?
We had a pretty specific conversation about Zilmax both in the classroom and in the feedlot this past spring. I'm amazed that no one has talked about what it really does when you feed it.
The active ingredient in Zilmax is Zilpaterol hydrochloride, which we were told acted as a repartitioning agent which put a biological preference on the growth of muscle instead of the deposition of fat. One thing that was stressed that the animals body isn't converting fat into muscle, rather using the nutrients it would have put into fat, into muscle instead.
The Zilmax is a way to trigger a synthetic catecholamine hormone response, in other words it mimics hormones like adrenaline and epinephrine, which regulate the cattle's flight or fight response, which is important of course, since cattle are prey animals. That response triggers the body to respond to the animals need to get stronger to avoid predators and builds the muscle. Essentially the Zilmax has the effect of running a wolf through the feedlot and stirring up the cattle's fight or flight response several times a day.(I'm sure the Zilmax is a bit easier on producers and feedlot managers blood pressure though! ha!)
They were also referred to as Beta Antagonists in the conversation, and below are the last two points of information that were given to us about the mode of action.
-β-agonists increase protein synthesis but more importantly they decrease protein turnover thus greater protein accretion.
-Rather than repartition energy they alter the partitioning of substrates towards lean tissues rather than fat tissues (more nutrients to muscle less to fat)
We also talked to a feedlot about feeding Zilmax, however, the details from that conversation are fuzzy as we didn't have the opportunities to take notes. I know that some slaughter plants and customers are very much against using it, where as others feel it's advantageous. They said their customers who visited often referred to the pens being fed Zilmax as "Schwarzenegger cattle" due to the very obvious additional muscle as compared to the other lots. I believe they said they could see results in a few days to a week in the cattle.
Using it you're going to increase your Yield grade because of a high proportion of lean to fat in the body composition, but from what I've been told, you don't want to use it until you've got that animal finished completely because you aren't going to add anymore fat at that point. I believe one topic we discussed was that you're going to compromise on your quality grade when feeding it, but if the spread in pay between choice and select steers isn't very big, the better Yield Grade can make up for that.
There is also a slightly less aggressive product in Optaflexx, which unlike Zilmax, has no withdraw period.
I believe what I have put above is correct, according to the notes I have from my beef production class. If I screwed anything up and someone knows better, let me know what I misunderstand! Thanks